2024年高考英语一轮复习（人教） 第2部分 语法专题 专题2　第3讲　形容词和副词.docx

第3讲　形容词和副词
I bought an interesting① novel yesterday.The book is so interesting② that I can hardly let go of it.Worried③ about my study，my mother took it away.However，I found my mother absorbed④ in it.
My mother is reading the novel attentively⑤ now and she is quite⑤ moved by it.Obviously⑥，she won’t return the book to me soon.
[规则感悟]　①修饰名词，往往用形容词作定语。②在系动词之后，往往用形容词作表语。③表示情绪和精神状态的形容词可以作状语。④在“感官或使役动词＋宾语”之后，形容词可以作宾补，说明宾语的状态。⑤副词可以描述某个动作的情况或者描述动作、行为或状态的程度。⑥副词可以放在句首，作评论性状语，修饰整个句子。
1．形容词的构词规则
类别
例词
加-y
cloud→cloudy，luck→lucky，health→healthy，fog→foggy
加-(e)d
gift→gifted，talent→talented，advance→advanced，excite→excited
加-ing
surprise→surprising，convince→convincing，frighten→frightening，appeal→appealing，reward→rewarding，invite→inviting
加-ful/
-less
meaning→meaningful/meaningless，care→careful/careless，help→helpful/helpless，harm→harmful/harmless，colour→colourful/colourless，use→useful/useless，thank→thankful/thankless
加-able
comfort→comfortable，knowledge→knowledgeable，accept→acceptable，respect→respectable
加-ous
danger→dangerous，courage→courageous，humour→humorous
-ce变
为-t
confidence→confident，difference→different
加-al
music→musical，person→personal，nation→national，education→educational，tradition→traditional
加-ly
friend→friendly，week→weekly，love→lovely
加-en
wood→wooden，wool→woolen
加-ive/
-ative
attract→attractive，talk→talkative，prevent→preventive，protect→protective
其他常
见变化
energy→energetic，fool→foolish，pleasure→pleasant/pleased，science→scientific
注意　以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节名词加后缀-y变成形容词时，要双写该辅音字母再加-y，如：sun→sunny，fun→funny等。以-e结尾的名词加-y变形容词时要去掉e再加-y，如：noise→noisy，ice→icy，taste→tasty等。
2．形容词变副词的规则
类别
例词
(1)一般形容词变副词直接在其后加-ly。
quick→quickly，anxious→anxiously
(2)以辅音字母＋e结尾的形容词直接加-ly，以元音字母＋e结尾的形容词去掉e再加-ly。
immediate→immediately，polite→politely，true→truly
(3)以辅音字母＋le结尾的形容词要去掉e再加-y。
possible→possibly，probable→probably
(4)以辅音字母＋y结尾的形容词要变y为i再加-ly。
happy→happily，healthy→healthily
(5)以ic结尾的形容词要在其后加-ally。
economic→economically，basic→basically
(6)以ll结尾的形