2024年高考英语一轮复习（人教） 第2部分 语法专题 专题1　第2讲　非谓语动词.docx

第2讲　非谓语动词
非谓语动词是高中英语语法中的重要部分，是高考的必考项目。非谓语动词包括动词不定式、分词(现在分词、过去分词)、动名词，在句子中可以作除谓语以外的其他成分。非谓语动词常考考点主要有动词不定式的功能、现在分词和过去分词的用法区别及非谓语动词的时态、语态、省略等。该项内容考查考生在具体语言环境中理解句子结构和分析句子成分的能力。
1．不定式的用法
Xiao Ming wants to become① a basketball star and his dream is to play② basketball in the NBA.But he has so much homework to do③.In order to have④ more time to play③ basketball，Xiao Ming decides to study① hard to get④ a high score.He really hopes that his father will allow him to play⑤ basketball every day.To make his dream come true⑥ is not easy.
[规则感悟]　动词的不定式形式在句子中作什么成分：
①作宾语　②作表语　③作定语　④作状语　⑤作宾补　⑥作主语
2．动词-ing形式的用法
Reading① is one of Xiao Meng’s hobbies.Since she was a child，she has been dreaming of becoming② a writer.Last month，she read a book describing③ love between a prince and a sleeping④beauty—a girl whose gift was solving⑤ difficult problems in her dreams.The girl often found herself solving⑥ problems while sleeping⑦ soundly，making⑧ her partners shocked.The book is very interesting⑤.Xiao Meng really enjoys reading② the novel and imagines solving② difficult problems in her own dreams.
[规则感悟]　动词-ing形式在句子中作什么成分：
①作主语　②作宾语　③作后置定语　④作前置定语　⑤作表语　⑥作宾补　⑦⑧作状语
3．过去分词的用法
Praised① by my teacher，I felt pleased②.The reason why I was praised was that I picked up a lost③ cellphone and returned it to the owner.The incident made my parents amazed④.
[规则感悟]　动词的过去分词形式在句子中作什么成分：
①作状语　②作表语　③作定语　④作宾补
种类
形式
主动
被动
主语
宾语
宾补
表语
定语
状语
不定式
一般式
to do
to be done
√
√
√
√
√
√
进行式
to be doing
×
完成式
to have done
to have been done
动名词
一般式
doing
being done
√
√
×
√
√
×
完成式
having done
having been done
分词
现在分词
一般式
doing
being done
×
×
√
√
√
√
完成式
having done
having been done
过去分词
一般式
done(vi.)
表完成
done(vt.)表被动
与完成
×
×
√
√
√
√
Hearing how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.听别人对你刚读过的这本书的反应会带来额外的乐趣。
It’s time I got down to thinking about that essay.我该认真思考一下那篇论文了。
Asked what had happened，he low